Hawaii Media
Newspapers
Two major competing Honolulu-based newspapers serve all of Hawaii. The Honolulu Advertiser is owned by Gannett Pacific Corporation while the Honolulu Star-Bulletin is owned by Black Press of British Columbia in Canada. Both are among the largest newspapers in the United States in terms of circulation. Other locally published newspapers are available to residents of the various islands.
The Hawaii business community is served by the Pacific Business News and Hawaii Business Magazine. The largest religious community in Hawaii is served by the Hawaii Catholic Herald. Honolulu Magazine is a popular magazine that offers local interest news and feature articles.
Apart from the mainstream press, the state also enjoys a vibrant ethnic publication presence with newspapers for the Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Native Hawaiian communities. In addition, there is an alternative weekly, the Honolulu Weekly.
[edit]
Television
All but one of the major American television networks are represented in Hawaii through KFVE (My Network TV), KGMB (CBS), KHET (PBS member station), KHNL (NBC), KHON-TV (Fox, The CW on DT2), and KITV (ABC), among others. Two other stations, KIKU-TV and KBFD, specialize in multi-cultural programs serving Asian audiences. From Honolulu, programming at these stations is rebroadcast to the various other islands via networks of satellite transmitters. Until the advent of satellite, most network programming was broadcast a week behind mainland scheduling.
The various production companies that work with the major networks have produced television series and other projects in Hawaii. Most notable were police dramas like Magnum P.I. and Hawaii Five-O. Currently, hit TV shows Lost and Dog the Bounty Hunter are filmed in the Hawaiian Islands. A comprehensive list of such projects can be seen at the list of Hawaii television series.
[edit]
Film
See also: List of films set in Hawaii
Hawaii has a growing film industry administered by the state through the Hawaii Film Office. Several television shows, movies, and various other media projects were produced in the Hawaiian Islands, taking advantage of the natural scenic landscapes as backdrops. Notable films produced in Hawaii or inspired by Hawaii include Hawaii, Blue Hawaii, Donovan's Reef, From Here to Eternity, In Harm's Way, South Pacific, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Jurassic Park, Picture Bride, Lani Loa, Outbreak, Waterworld, Six Days Seven Nights, George of the Jungle, 50 First Dates, Pearl Harbor, Blue Crush, The Even Stevens Movie and Lilo and Stitch. The film Snakes on a Plane takes place on a flight departing Hawaii for the U.S. mainland. Hawaii is home to a prominent film festival known as the Hawaii International Film Festival.
Two major competing Honolulu-based newspapers serve all of Hawaii. The Honolulu Advertiser is owned by Gannett Pacific Corporation while the Honolulu Star-Bulletin is owned by Black Press of British Columbia in Canada. Both are among the largest newspapers in the United States in terms of circulation. Other locally published newspapers are available to residents of the various islands.
The Hawaii business community is served by the Pacific Business News and Hawaii Business Magazine. The largest religious community in Hawaii is served by the Hawaii Catholic Herald. Honolulu Magazine is a popular magazine that offers local interest news and feature articles.
Apart from the mainstream press, the state also enjoys a vibrant ethnic publication presence with newspapers for the Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Native Hawaiian communities. In addition, there is an alternative weekly, the Honolulu Weekly.
[edit]
Television
All but one of the major American television networks are represented in Hawaii through KFVE (My Network TV), KGMB (CBS), KHET (PBS member station), KHNL (NBC), KHON-TV (Fox, The CW on DT2), and KITV (ABC), among others. Two other stations, KIKU-TV and KBFD, specialize in multi-cultural programs serving Asian audiences. From Honolulu, programming at these stations is rebroadcast to the various other islands via networks of satellite transmitters. Until the advent of satellite, most network programming was broadcast a week behind mainland scheduling.
The various production companies that work with the major networks have produced television series and other projects in Hawaii. Most notable were police dramas like Magnum P.I. and Hawaii Five-O. Currently, hit TV shows Lost and Dog the Bounty Hunter are filmed in the Hawaiian Islands. A comprehensive list of such projects can be seen at the list of Hawaii television series.
[edit]
Film
See also: List of films set in Hawaii
Hawaii has a growing film industry administered by the state through the Hawaii Film Office. Several television shows, movies, and various other media projects were produced in the Hawaiian Islands, taking advantage of the natural scenic landscapes as backdrops. Notable films produced in Hawaii or inspired by Hawaii include Hawaii, Blue Hawaii, Donovan's Reef, From Here to Eternity, In Harm's Way, South Pacific, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Jurassic Park, Picture Bride, Lani Loa, Outbreak, Waterworld, Six Days Seven Nights, George of the Jungle, 50 First Dates, Pearl Harbor, Blue Crush, The Even Stevens Movie and Lilo and Stitch. The film Snakes on a Plane takes place on a flight departing Hawaii for the U.S. mainland. Hawaii is home to a prominent film festival known as the Hawaii International Film Festival.
Hawaiian antiquity
Main articles: Ancient Hawaii, Hawaiian mythology, and Polynesian mythology
Anthropologists believe that Polynesians from the Marquesas and possibly the Society Islands first populated the Hawaiian Islands at some time between AD 300 and 1000. There is a great deal of dispute regarding these dates.
Archaeologists and historians also differ as to whether there were one or two waves of colonization. It is believed by some authors that there had been an early settlement from the Marquesas and a later wave of immigrants from Tahiti, circa 1300, who were said to have introduced a new line of high chiefs and the practice of human sacrifice. This later immigration is detailed in folk tales about Paao (Pāʻao). Other authors, however, have argued that there is no archaeological or linguistic evidence whatsoever for a later influx of Tahitian settlers and that Paʻao must be regarded as a myth. Since there are still many supporters of the Paʻao narrative, this topic is still hotly disputed.
Leaving aside the question of Paʻao, historians agree that the history of the islands was marked by a slow but steady growth in population and the size of chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. Local chiefs, called alii (aliʻi), ruled their settlements and fought to extend their sway and defend their communities from predatory rivals. This was conducted in a system of alii of various ranks somewhat similar to Feudalism.
Anthropologists believe that Polynesians from the Marquesas and possibly the Society Islands first populated the Hawaiian Islands at some time between AD 300 and 1000. There is a great deal of dispute regarding these dates.
Archaeologists and historians also differ as to whether there were one or two waves of colonization. It is believed by some authors that there had been an early settlement from the Marquesas and a later wave of immigrants from Tahiti, circa 1300, who were said to have introduced a new line of high chiefs and the practice of human sacrifice. This later immigration is detailed in folk tales about Paao (Pāʻao). Other authors, however, have argued that there is no archaeological or linguistic evidence whatsoever for a later influx of Tahitian settlers and that Paʻao must be regarded as a myth. Since there are still many supporters of the Paʻao narrative, this topic is still hotly disputed.
Leaving aside the question of Paʻao, historians agree that the history of the islands was marked by a slow but steady growth in population and the size of chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. Local chiefs, called alii (aliʻi), ruled their settlements and fought to extend their sway and defend their communities from predatory rivals. This was conducted in a system of alii of various ranks somewhat similar to Feudalism.
The Nice
Aloha Brittani!
Mahalo nui loa for your EXCELLENT short story. I'd give you and A+ for sure! I was holding my breath for you when you were trying to get into that cave! Such are the follies of our youth. A lady of a certain age, like me, would NEVER attempt a stunt like that now!
We are planning our move to Kauai and I know in my heart that it's the right place for me to be. I can see my two children telling their tales, like you have, only I hope they spare ME the details because I would just freak out if I heard they tried something like a cave dive "sans oxygen!"
Again, mahalo for this entertaining story. Keep writing, you have a great talent!
Pauline
blarson816 wrote:
When I was 17 and 18 I lived on O'ahu. It was such a great experience,
but it's hard to explain how you truly feel. Anyway, I'm taking a
creative writing class and I wrote a bit about my days on the island.
Hope you enjoy it!
Brittani
A Hui Hou- Till We Meet Again
In my dreams she waits. Perfect, tranquil, basking under the sun,
swaying in the breeze; red and fiery gold glimmer across her heavens
as the sun takes one last peek down on the tiny island. And there she
waits, like a ghost, a faded memory from the past, haunting with the
promise of felicity if I ever return to her shores. A sudden chill
crawls over my naked toes as I lie in that foggy realm between wake
and sleep. The familiar shapes of home begin to unfurl in dawns weary
light. Once again paradise has escaped me; to remain as a mere fixture
of my imagination only to be reveled in by the drowsy depths of
slumber. Native Hawaiians believed their islands to be gods, for how
could a creation whimsical of Eden itself be anything other than
divine. Waking to realize it was all just a dream was not always the
end of my fantasies. There was once a time when I dreamt of the island
and woke to the island as well. Everyone has that one summer where you
are old enough to have some sort of independence but young enough to
not feel guilty at simply being preoccupied with having a good time.
At 17 it would seem I had captured the life people hope to have in
their retirement years; and yet, days after graduation, I was the one
flying to what can only be called nothing less than a spectacular
experience. Looking back rekindles those days when the island was my
home, my first journey away from Arizona , a place I had known my
entire life.
Being on an island can be overwhelming for a girl from a place where
rain is hard to come by and the only lakes are man made. I stared out
the window, awestruck at the miles of ocean surrounding us, crashing
at the shores of this one, special point. Natalie smiled over at me
with wind tugging at her straw colored hair. She'd spent countless
hours in an old dentist office saving her paychecks week after week.
Dad seemed to purchase things for me as a way of shoring affection. I
believe this to be his way of apologizing for much time unspent
together."We'
re here Can you believe it " The last six months had
been rough ones. Mom and Dad had separated. Many nights I fell asleep
to the soft whimpers of my heartbroken mother in the room opposite
mine. Her tears beckoned my own tears during a time when the cozy,
happiness of home had turned suddenly cold, and unavoidable changes
choked away life as I had pictured it growing up. High school ended.
It seemed as though in a sea of blue caps and gowns the last bits of
childhood had been swept away, replaced by a fear of not knowing what
was to become of me. As a child walks the delicate threshold into
adulthood, an overwhelming fear of the unknown arises. This was the
state I had found myself; trying to cling on to something solid only
to find I had been deceived. At least I had this one last summer.
Natalie and I drove through the cities, rainforest, and coastlines
surrounding Oahu, until the tiny town of La'ie emerged with its quaint
homes dotting the country side like a colony of ants in unkempt chaos.
Outside our new home a large Samoan woman smiled upon our approaching
car and we, burdened with loads of clumsy luggage strung about our
bodies carefully clicked our high heels along the driveway eager with
hopes of remaining upright. Bags hung from shoulders, while bulging
suitcases rolled on behind, and purses, filled to the brink, spilled
over with all those necessary articles a young woman must have. Later
on our roommates would mock us for having brought so many clothes, but
to us it seemed logical to have outfits perfectly adept for every
occasion summer might put forth. The lady grabbed our hands, pulled us
together in a warm embrace. She told us to call her auntie and while
it was somewhat unusual for me to bestow the title of family upon a
stranger it somehow overturned any sort of misgivings I had about the
downfalls a foreigner might face in an exotic world. With a kiss on
the cheek, and a gift of gardenia leis, she declared her happiness in
meeting us. I'm sure meeting your landlord is rarely comparable to
coming home from war, but in Hawaii the aloha that blankets the
islands is mimicked down to its very people, and meeting someone for
the first time or the hundredth is always done with a kiss of the
cheek coupled with a smile. Natalie and I were the last two girls to
move in for summer term. Already the house had taken on the air of
college life.
Our home had been decorated in piles of People Magazine, and was
satisfactorily stocked with the necessary foods required in sustaining
any college aged person such as pizza, pasta, and chocolate. It felt
like summer would pass lightly like the breeze that plays about the
palms and as time passed, and school started, a comical array of
courses demanded our constant attention as we scurried to and from
school for classes in hula, ukulele, and Tahitian dancing. It was like
taking a crash course in island life 101, and our home was the
designated Mecca for the bands of summer BYUH students earnest in
mastering these serious studies of diversion. While the beats of Bob
Marley played throughout the homes of nearly every household we
encountered we had brought the island inside with snapshots of us
frolicking on the beach, swimming under waterfalls, sauntering through
rainforests, and camped out around beach bonfires. Our adventures were
an endless tribute to that time in youth characterized by a touch of
innocence only found in those yet undaunted by the rugged times life
calls us to face.
In a cove, nestled between stretches of white sand and groves of palm
trees, a reef lives beneath the waves. Growing up with the Little
Mermaid had invoked in me the beginnings of what was to become an odd
fascination for the ocean. It seemed when everyone else was watching
90210 I had succumbed to my "inner nerd" by watching specials
documenting the ocean. This once useless knowledge now seemed useful
as I proudly named all the different species of fish swimming in front
of me. On this particular day, my friend Ku'i accompanied me promising
that with his local knowledge I would see things in the cove normally
hidden to the common spectator. Down I gazed upon a sphere bustling
with fish, urchins, and anemones. Moorish idols patrolled their
favorite feeding grounds while parrotfish crunched away at the coral.
Ku'i pointed to a baby eel as used its impish grin for a snare in
snagging some sorry fish. Every now and then a lone sea turtle
strolled by, curiously looking on as though I were a strange animal
before disappearing again into the deep blue. The reef became a
lively spectacle of entertainment equally capable as any Broadway show
had ever been.
Shark's cove sounds much more fearsome than it actually is. It lives
on as a reminder to the perfection that can only found upon nature's
own creative canvas. I had been to the cove many times but apparently
was still unacquainted with a few hidden areas in and around the area.
Ku'i swam close. I looked down to a pair of sea serpents wriggling in
a riot of black and white. I held my breath and swam deeper taunting,
pressure with defiant stokes towards the sea floor. I always was the
one to jump a cliff first, or swim the farthest away from land. Ku'i
followed until we couldn't hold our breaths any longer. I was sure he
was happier at sea than on land. "Brittani Have you seen the
underwater caves yet?" I hadn't even heard of water caves in the cove.
"Like try go see?" "Of course I would" "Follow me."
The water became darker, going from baby blue to sparkling sapphire as
we swam further and further away from land. A piece of onyx rock
jutted out towards the open sea. I looked on but the opening to a cave
failed to find my eyes and I couldn't help but be confused.
"Where is it?" "Strait ahead." "Where?"
"You have to swim down first to get to the opening."
I looked on. As the tide rolled out, the tip of a large mouth yawned
open, gurgling waves in and out of its rocky face.
"Ku'i, are you serious? "We have to swim down first? For how long?"
"Not too long, just a few feet. We'll swim down then through until we
come to an air pocket."
"But how long does it take?"
"Only a minute or two. Just hold my hand, don't let go, and whatever
you do, do not swim up. Sharp lava rocks at the top will cut you up."
"Are you sure I should do this?"
"You don't have to."
Always eager for a good story I contemplated my future boasting
surrounding my dangers of an underwater cave. Of course the feeling of
impending doom was hushed by adventurous pride, and I fell prey to
precarious desire of seeking the unknown.
"No, no. I want to do this. I just need a minute."
I breathed in and out, preparing myself for the journey. I thought to
myself a minute or two is really but a moment, and I was pretty good
at holding my breath. "Ready?" "Ready." Ku'i grabbed my hand and down
we swam. A few feet below the surface an enormous black hole opened
up. Like the mouth of a giant it sucked us in through its gaping jaws
as we pretended to be explorers on some perilous adventure. Light
eventually ebbed itself away until an inkish water smothered us into
complete and entire blackness. I shuddered in the coldness as it crept
about my body like death itself was pricking my skin, testing me to
see if I was brave enough to keep on going. The only warmth came from
Ku'i's hand tightly grasped into mine. We paddled on and on. I
pictured the sharp rocks hanging overhead, waiting. My short legs
fluttered through the darkness while this momentary blindness brought
about by shadows made certain our vulnerable situation in the sea and
I did not know what dangers and what creatures lurked in the tunnel.
These fearful thoughts continued to clutter my mind until I could only
think of one thing, how great it would feet to fill my lungs with air.
A moment in time had turned into an eternity. I saw no sight of an
ending and my body desperately needed release from this watery tunnel.
It felt like suffocating and in these dark moments I thought of my
family. Blake and Dallin were probably practicing baseball or making
water balloons in the scorching heat. Celeste and McKenzie were
probably trying to find rides to the mall or the water park. I had
always felt like I needed to be their example, and be there to help
them, especially since we had found ourselves at a liminal period
between what we were and what we were to become. I remembered being
a little girl and playing mermaids in the pool. What a gift it would
have been to grow a fin now and swim out of this forsaken hole. I let
go of Ku'i's grasp and floated up. Drowning is a panicky
feeling and yet curiously peaceful. I thought to myself that this
was the end, but even as I slipped slowly upward, I wasn't convinced
this was the way I would die. I think that even in the face of death
we are determined to challenge our mortality, and in dark doom rarely
do we believe we will actually die. There was nothing I could do. My
legs stopped kicking, my arms stopped paddling. My still body rose to
the sharp ceiling above. I think I may have blacked out at this time
but it is hard to know. Suddenly I felt a sharp jab on my head. The
pain called me to consciousness and all the danger surrounding us. I
was pushed downward from the ceiling by Ku'i who was apparently a
better breath holder than I. My eyes opened to see his body
silhouetted against blue brightness as I was pulled away from the dark
and into the light. In the dim cave a faint shimmer of sun poured down
into the water like a beacon of hope as it danced and dallied across
the darkness. I reached towards the light, my lungs yearning for
redemption while I made my way through the water. Finally I surfaced
into a cavern of air and sea. The blue sky peaked down into a large
hole at the top of the cave, and Ku'i and I climbed our way out.
Summer ended. I had many more adventures on the island but none so
treacherous as the cave. Friends say I came home with confidence and I
have to think that perhaps after dealing with death the trivial things
are less of a burden. Before returning home that summer, I tossed a
purple lei into the sea. It is believed that if a lei thrown into the
ocean finds its way back to land they who tossed the lei will find
their way back to the shores as well. Sometimes I put on my lava lava
and dance about my home doing the hula. I know I'm not the same as I
was then, but I'd like to think traces of that summer have somehow
been imprinted upon my being. I live on , knowing the lei I tossed
into the sea that day did indeed find it's way back to the soft beach.
I have to believe this means that like the lei I will once again touch
the white beaches of my island home. At present I am left with the
memory of a summer that bridged itself between my childhood and what
comes after. I am grateful for my experiences there and the people of
Hawaii for allowing me a precious moment upon their sacred land.
Mahalo nui loa for your EXCELLENT short story. I'd give you and A+ for sure! I was holding my breath for you when you were trying to get into that cave! Such are the follies of our youth. A lady of a certain age, like me, would NEVER attempt a stunt like that now!
We are planning our move to Kauai and I know in my heart that it's the right place for me to be. I can see my two children telling their tales, like you have, only I hope they spare ME the details because I would just freak out if I heard they tried something like a cave dive "sans oxygen!"
Again, mahalo for this entertaining story. Keep writing, you have a great talent!
Pauline
blarson816 wrote:
When I was 17 and 18 I lived on O'ahu. It was such a great experience,
but it's hard to explain how you truly feel. Anyway, I'm taking a
creative writing class and I wrote a bit about my days on the island.
Hope you enjoy it!
Brittani
A Hui Hou- Till We Meet Again
In my dreams she waits. Perfect, tranquil, basking under the sun,
swaying in the breeze; red and fiery gold glimmer across her heavens
as the sun takes one last peek down on the tiny island. And there she
waits, like a ghost, a faded memory from the past, haunting with the
promise of felicity if I ever return to her shores. A sudden chill
crawls over my naked toes as I lie in that foggy realm between wake
and sleep. The familiar shapes of home begin to unfurl in dawns weary
light. Once again paradise has escaped me; to remain as a mere fixture
of my imagination only to be reveled in by the drowsy depths of
slumber. Native Hawaiians believed their islands to be gods, for how
could a creation whimsical of Eden itself be anything other than
divine. Waking to realize it was all just a dream was not always the
end of my fantasies. There was once a time when I dreamt of the island
and woke to the island as well. Everyone has that one summer where you
are old enough to have some sort of independence but young enough to
not feel guilty at simply being preoccupied with having a good time.
At 17 it would seem I had captured the life people hope to have in
their retirement years; and yet, days after graduation, I was the one
flying to what can only be called nothing less than a spectacular
experience. Looking back rekindles those days when the island was my
home, my first journey away from Arizona , a place I had known my
entire life.
Being on an island can be overwhelming for a girl from a place where
rain is hard to come by and the only lakes are man made. I stared out
the window, awestruck at the miles of ocean surrounding us, crashing
at the shores of this one, special point. Natalie smiled over at me
with wind tugging at her straw colored hair. She'd spent countless
hours in an old dentist office saving her paychecks week after week.
Dad seemed to purchase things for me as a way of shoring affection. I
believe this to be his way of apologizing for much time unspent
together."We'
re here Can you believe it " The last six months had
been rough ones. Mom and Dad had separated. Many nights I fell asleep
to the soft whimpers of my heartbroken mother in the room opposite
mine. Her tears beckoned my own tears during a time when the cozy,
happiness of home had turned suddenly cold, and unavoidable changes
choked away life as I had pictured it growing up. High school ended.
It seemed as though in a sea of blue caps and gowns the last bits of
childhood had been swept away, replaced by a fear of not knowing what
was to become of me. As a child walks the delicate threshold into
adulthood, an overwhelming fear of the unknown arises. This was the
state I had found myself; trying to cling on to something solid only
to find I had been deceived. At least I had this one last summer.
Natalie and I drove through the cities, rainforest, and coastlines
surrounding Oahu, until the tiny town of La'ie emerged with its quaint
homes dotting the country side like a colony of ants in unkempt chaos.
Outside our new home a large Samoan woman smiled upon our approaching
car and we, burdened with loads of clumsy luggage strung about our
bodies carefully clicked our high heels along the driveway eager with
hopes of remaining upright. Bags hung from shoulders, while bulging
suitcases rolled on behind, and purses, filled to the brink, spilled
over with all those necessary articles a young woman must have. Later
on our roommates would mock us for having brought so many clothes, but
to us it seemed logical to have outfits perfectly adept for every
occasion summer might put forth. The lady grabbed our hands, pulled us
together in a warm embrace. She told us to call her auntie and while
it was somewhat unusual for me to bestow the title of family upon a
stranger it somehow overturned any sort of misgivings I had about the
downfalls a foreigner might face in an exotic world. With a kiss on
the cheek, and a gift of gardenia leis, she declared her happiness in
meeting us. I'm sure meeting your landlord is rarely comparable to
coming home from war, but in Hawaii the aloha that blankets the
islands is mimicked down to its very people, and meeting someone for
the first time or the hundredth is always done with a kiss of the
cheek coupled with a smile. Natalie and I were the last two girls to
move in for summer term. Already the house had taken on the air of
college life.
Our home had been decorated in piles of People Magazine, and was
satisfactorily stocked with the necessary foods required in sustaining
any college aged person such as pizza, pasta, and chocolate. It felt
like summer would pass lightly like the breeze that plays about the
palms and as time passed, and school started, a comical array of
courses demanded our constant attention as we scurried to and from
school for classes in hula, ukulele, and Tahitian dancing. It was like
taking a crash course in island life 101, and our home was the
designated Mecca for the bands of summer BYUH students earnest in
mastering these serious studies of diversion. While the beats of Bob
Marley played throughout the homes of nearly every household we
encountered we had brought the island inside with snapshots of us
frolicking on the beach, swimming under waterfalls, sauntering through
rainforests, and camped out around beach bonfires. Our adventures were
an endless tribute to that time in youth characterized by a touch of
innocence only found in those yet undaunted by the rugged times life
calls us to face.
In a cove, nestled between stretches of white sand and groves of palm
trees, a reef lives beneath the waves. Growing up with the Little
Mermaid had invoked in me the beginnings of what was to become an odd
fascination for the ocean. It seemed when everyone else was watching
90210 I had succumbed to my "inner nerd" by watching specials
documenting the ocean. This once useless knowledge now seemed useful
as I proudly named all the different species of fish swimming in front
of me. On this particular day, my friend Ku'i accompanied me promising
that with his local knowledge I would see things in the cove normally
hidden to the common spectator. Down I gazed upon a sphere bustling
with fish, urchins, and anemones. Moorish idols patrolled their
favorite feeding grounds while parrotfish crunched away at the coral.
Ku'i pointed to a baby eel as used its impish grin for a snare in
snagging some sorry fish. Every now and then a lone sea turtle
strolled by, curiously looking on as though I were a strange animal
before disappearing again into the deep blue. The reef became a
lively spectacle of entertainment equally capable as any Broadway show
had ever been.
Shark's cove sounds much more fearsome than it actually is. It lives
on as a reminder to the perfection that can only found upon nature's
own creative canvas. I had been to the cove many times but apparently
was still unacquainted with a few hidden areas in and around the area.
Ku'i swam close. I looked down to a pair of sea serpents wriggling in
a riot of black and white. I held my breath and swam deeper taunting,
pressure with defiant stokes towards the sea floor. I always was the
one to jump a cliff first, or swim the farthest away from land. Ku'i
followed until we couldn't hold our breaths any longer. I was sure he
was happier at sea than on land. "Brittani Have you seen the
underwater caves yet?" I hadn't even heard of water caves in the cove.
"Like try go see?" "Of course I would" "Follow me."
The water became darker, going from baby blue to sparkling sapphire as
we swam further and further away from land. A piece of onyx rock
jutted out towards the open sea. I looked on but the opening to a cave
failed to find my eyes and I couldn't help but be confused.
"Where is it?" "Strait ahead." "Where?"
"You have to swim down first to get to the opening."
I looked on. As the tide rolled out, the tip of a large mouth yawned
open, gurgling waves in and out of its rocky face.
"Ku'i, are you serious? "We have to swim down first? For how long?"
"Not too long, just a few feet. We'll swim down then through until we
come to an air pocket."
"But how long does it take?"
"Only a minute or two. Just hold my hand, don't let go, and whatever
you do, do not swim up. Sharp lava rocks at the top will cut you up."
"Are you sure I should do this?"
"You don't have to."
Always eager for a good story I contemplated my future boasting
surrounding my dangers of an underwater cave. Of course the feeling of
impending doom was hushed by adventurous pride, and I fell prey to
precarious desire of seeking the unknown.
"No, no. I want to do this. I just need a minute."
I breathed in and out, preparing myself for the journey. I thought to
myself a minute or two is really but a moment, and I was pretty good
at holding my breath. "Ready?" "Ready." Ku'i grabbed my hand and down
we swam. A few feet below the surface an enormous black hole opened
up. Like the mouth of a giant it sucked us in through its gaping jaws
as we pretended to be explorers on some perilous adventure. Light
eventually ebbed itself away until an inkish water smothered us into
complete and entire blackness. I shuddered in the coldness as it crept
about my body like death itself was pricking my skin, testing me to
see if I was brave enough to keep on going. The only warmth came from
Ku'i's hand tightly grasped into mine. We paddled on and on. I
pictured the sharp rocks hanging overhead, waiting. My short legs
fluttered through the darkness while this momentary blindness brought
about by shadows made certain our vulnerable situation in the sea and
I did not know what dangers and what creatures lurked in the tunnel.
These fearful thoughts continued to clutter my mind until I could only
think of one thing, how great it would feet to fill my lungs with air.
A moment in time had turned into an eternity. I saw no sight of an
ending and my body desperately needed release from this watery tunnel.
It felt like suffocating and in these dark moments I thought of my
family. Blake and Dallin were probably practicing baseball or making
water balloons in the scorching heat. Celeste and McKenzie were
probably trying to find rides to the mall or the water park. I had
always felt like I needed to be their example, and be there to help
them, especially since we had found ourselves at a liminal period
between what we were and what we were to become. I remembered being
a little girl and playing mermaids in the pool. What a gift it would
have been to grow a fin now and swim out of this forsaken hole. I let
go of Ku'i's grasp and floated up. Drowning is a panicky
feeling and yet curiously peaceful. I thought to myself that this
was the end, but even as I slipped slowly upward, I wasn't convinced
this was the way I would die. I think that even in the face of death
we are determined to challenge our mortality, and in dark doom rarely
do we believe we will actually die. There was nothing I could do. My
legs stopped kicking, my arms stopped paddling. My still body rose to
the sharp ceiling above. I think I may have blacked out at this time
but it is hard to know. Suddenly I felt a sharp jab on my head. The
pain called me to consciousness and all the danger surrounding us. I
was pushed downward from the ceiling by Ku'i who was apparently a
better breath holder than I. My eyes opened to see his body
silhouetted against blue brightness as I was pulled away from the dark
and into the light. In the dim cave a faint shimmer of sun poured down
into the water like a beacon of hope as it danced and dallied across
the darkness. I reached towards the light, my lungs yearning for
redemption while I made my way through the water. Finally I surfaced
into a cavern of air and sea. The blue sky peaked down into a large
hole at the top of the cave, and Ku'i and I climbed our way out.
Summer ended. I had many more adventures on the island but none so
treacherous as the cave. Friends say I came home with confidence and I
have to think that perhaps after dealing with death the trivial things
are less of a burden. Before returning home that summer, I tossed a
purple lei into the sea. It is believed that if a lei thrown into the
ocean finds its way back to land they who tossed the lei will find
their way back to the shores as well. Sometimes I put on my lava lava
and dance about my home doing the hula. I know I'm not the same as I
was then, but I'd like to think traces of that summer have somehow
been imprinted upon my being. I live on , knowing the lei I tossed
into the sea that day did indeed find it's way back to the soft beach.
I have to believe this means that like the lei I will once again touch
the white beaches of my island home. At present I am left with the
memory of a summer that bridged itself between my childhood and what
comes after. I am grateful for my experiences there and the people of
Hawaii for allowing me a precious moment upon their sacred land.
Geography
An archipelago in the mid-Pacific, and thus commonly included in Oceania, it lies southwest of the North American mainland, and south of Alaska.[2] Hawaiʻi is the southernmost state of the United States; it would be the westernmost, if not for Alaska. It is one of only two states (Alaska is the other) that are outside the contiguous United States, and do not share a border with another U.S. state.
Hawaiʻi is the only state of the United States that
is separated from the mainland yet not a territory
is completely surrounded by water, and
continues to grow in area because of active extrusive lava flows, most notably from Kilauea (Kīlauea).
is entirely in the tropics.
Except for Easter Island, Hawaiʻi is farther away from land than any other landmass on Earth. Hawaiʻi’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands over 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) and is taller than Mount Everest if followed to its base at the floor of the Pacific Ocean.
The Hawaiian Archipelago comprises hundreds of islands and atolls extending across a distance of 1,500 miles (2,400 km). Of these, the eight largest islands are considered the "main islands" and are located at the southeastern end of the archipelago. These islands are, in order from the northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The latter is by far the largest, and is very often called the "Big Island" or "Big Isle" to avoid confusion with the state name.
All of the Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanoes arising from the sea floor from a magma source described in geological theory as a hotspot. The theory maintains that as the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves in a northwesterly direction, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes. This explains why only volcanoes on the southern half of the Big Island, and the Loihi Seamount (Lōʻihi) deep below the waters off its southern coast, are presently active, with Loʻihi being the newest volcano to form.
The last volcanic eruption outside the Big Island happened at Haleakalā on Maui in the late 18th century (though recent research suggests that Haleakalā's most recent eruptive activity could be hundreds of years older).[3]
The volcanic activity and subsequent erosion created impressive geological features. The Big Island is notable as the world’s fifth highest island. If Mauna Kea is measured from its base, deep in the ocean, to its snow-clad peak it is the tallest mountain on the Earth.[4]
Because of the islands' volcanic formation, native life before human activity is said to have arrived by the "3 W's": wind (carried through the air), waves (brought by ocean currents), and wings (birds, insects, and whatever they brought with them). The isolation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the tropic, has resulted in a vast array of endemic flora and fauna. Hawaiʻi has more endangered species per square mile and has lost a higher percent of its endemic species than anywhere else on Earth.[citation needed]
Areas under the control and protection of the National Park Service include:
Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail on the Big Island
Haleakala National Park in Kula
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island
Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Kalaupapa
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park in Kailua-Kona
Puuhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park in Honaunau (Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau)
Puʻukohola Heiau National Historic Site in Kawaihae (Puʻukoholā Heiau)
USS Arizona Memorial at Honolulu
Hawaiʻi is the only state of the United States that
is separated from the mainland yet not a territory
is completely surrounded by water, and
continues to grow in area because of active extrusive lava flows, most notably from Kilauea (Kīlauea).
is entirely in the tropics.
Except for Easter Island, Hawaiʻi is farther away from land than any other landmass on Earth. Hawaiʻi’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands over 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) and is taller than Mount Everest if followed to its base at the floor of the Pacific Ocean.
The Hawaiian Archipelago comprises hundreds of islands and atolls extending across a distance of 1,500 miles (2,400 km). Of these, the eight largest islands are considered the "main islands" and are located at the southeastern end of the archipelago. These islands are, in order from the northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The latter is by far the largest, and is very often called the "Big Island" or "Big Isle" to avoid confusion with the state name.
All of the Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanoes arising from the sea floor from a magma source described in geological theory as a hotspot. The theory maintains that as the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves in a northwesterly direction, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes. This explains why only volcanoes on the southern half of the Big Island, and the Loihi Seamount (Lōʻihi) deep below the waters off its southern coast, are presently active, with Loʻihi being the newest volcano to form.
The last volcanic eruption outside the Big Island happened at Haleakalā on Maui in the late 18th century (though recent research suggests that Haleakalā's most recent eruptive activity could be hundreds of years older).[3]
The volcanic activity and subsequent erosion created impressive geological features. The Big Island is notable as the world’s fifth highest island. If Mauna Kea is measured from its base, deep in the ocean, to its snow-clad peak it is the tallest mountain on the Earth.[4]
Because of the islands' volcanic formation, native life before human activity is said to have arrived by the "3 W's": wind (carried through the air), waves (brought by ocean currents), and wings (birds, insects, and whatever they brought with them). The isolation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the tropic, has resulted in a vast array of endemic flora and fauna. Hawaiʻi has more endangered species per square mile and has lost a higher percent of its endemic species than anywhere else on Earth.[citation needed]
Areas under the control and protection of the National Park Service include:
Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail on the Big Island
Haleakala National Park in Kula
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island
Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Kalaupapa
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park in Kailua-Kona
Puuhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park in Honaunau (Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau)
Puʻukohola Heiau National Historic Site in Kawaihae (Puʻukoholā Heiau)
USS Arizona Memorial at Honolulu
In Hawaii
The arrival of American Protestant missionaries (from New England) in 1820 marked another new phase in the development of the Hawaiian language. Their evangelical mission had been inspired by the presence of several young Hawaiian males, especially Obookiah (ʻŌpūkahaʻia), at the Foreign Mission School in Cornwall, Connecticut. The missionaries wanted to convert all Hawaiians to Christianity. In order to achieve that goal, they needed to learn the Hawaiian language so that they could publish a Hawaiian Bible, preach in Hawaiian, etc. To that end, they developed a successful alphabet for Hawaiian by 1826, taught Hawaiians to read and write the language, published various educational materials in Hawaiian, and eventually finished translating the Bible. Missionaries also influenced King Kamehameha III to establish the first Hawaiian-language constitutions in 1839 and 1840.This is the 115–year period during which Hawaiian-language newspapers were published. Missionaries introduced newspaper publishing in Hawaiian and in English, and played a significant role in publishing a grammar (1854) and dictionary (1865) of Hawaiian. Literacy in Hawaiian was widespread among the local population, especially ethnic Hawaiians. Use of the language among the general population might have peaked around 1881. Even so, some people worried, as early as 1854, that the language was "soon destined to extinction" (quoted in Schütz 1994:269–270). In spite of a huge decline in the use of Hawaiian, compared to the era of its peak, those fears have never been realized.
The increase in human travel to and from Hawaiʻi during the 19th century was the means by which a number of diseases arrived, and potentially fatal ones, such as smallpox, influenza, and leprosy, killed large numbers of native speakers of Hawaiian. Meanwhile, native speakers of other languages, especially English, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, and Ilokano, continued to immigrate to Hawaii. As a result, the actual number, as well as the percentage, of native speakers of Hawaiian in the local population decreased sharply, and continued to fall.
As the status of Hawaiian dropped, the status of English in Hawaiʻi rose. In 1885, the Prospectus of the Kamehameha Schools announced that "instruction will be given only in English language" (see published opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Doe v. Kamehameha Schools, case no. 04–15044, page 8928, filed August 2nd 2005).
For a variety of reasons starting around 1900, the number of native speakers of Hawaiian diminished from 37,000 to 1,000; half of these remaining are now in their seventies or eighties (see Ethnologue report below for citations). There has been some controversy over the reasons for this decline.
One school of thought claims that the most important cause for the decline of the Hawaiian language was its voluntary abandonment by the majority of its native speakers. They wanted their own children to speak English, as a way to promote their success in a rapidly changing modern environment, so they refrained from using Hawaiian with their own children. The Hawai'ian language schools disappeared as their enrollments dropped: parents preferred English language schools.
Another school of thought insists either that the government made the language illegal, or that schools punished the use of Hawaiian, or that general prejudice against Hawaiians (kanakas) discouraged the use of the language. (See below, "Banning" of Hawaiian)
A new dictionary was published in 1957, a new grammar in 1979, and new second-language textbooks in 1951, 1965, 1977, and 1989. Master's theses and doctoral dissertations on specific facets of Hawaiian appeared in 1951, 1975, 1976, and 1996.
The increase in human travel to and from Hawaiʻi during the 19th century was the means by which a number of diseases arrived, and potentially fatal ones, such as smallpox, influenza, and leprosy, killed large numbers of native speakers of Hawaiian. Meanwhile, native speakers of other languages, especially English, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, and Ilokano, continued to immigrate to Hawaii. As a result, the actual number, as well as the percentage, of native speakers of Hawaiian in the local population decreased sharply, and continued to fall.
As the status of Hawaiian dropped, the status of English in Hawaiʻi rose. In 1885, the Prospectus of the Kamehameha Schools announced that "instruction will be given only in English language" (see published opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Doe v. Kamehameha Schools, case no. 04–15044, page 8928, filed August 2nd 2005).
For a variety of reasons starting around 1900, the number of native speakers of Hawaiian diminished from 37,000 to 1,000; half of these remaining are now in their seventies or eighties (see Ethnologue report below for citations). There has been some controversy over the reasons for this decline.
One school of thought claims that the most important cause for the decline of the Hawaiian language was its voluntary abandonment by the majority of its native speakers. They wanted their own children to speak English, as a way to promote their success in a rapidly changing modern environment, so they refrained from using Hawaiian with their own children. The Hawai'ian language schools disappeared as their enrollments dropped: parents preferred English language schools.
Another school of thought insists either that the government made the language illegal, or that schools punished the use of Hawaiian, or that general prejudice against Hawaiians (kanakas) discouraged the use of the language. (See below, "Banning" of Hawaiian)
A new dictionary was published in 1957, a new grammar in 1979, and new second-language textbooks in 1951, 1965, 1977, and 1989. Master's theses and doctoral dissertations on specific facets of Hawaiian appeared in 1951, 1975, 1976, and 1996.
Hawaii
The Hawaiian language is so named from the name of the largest island, Hawai'i (Hawaiʻi in Hawaiian language), in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed, originally from a Polynesian language of the South Pacific, most likely Marquesan or Tahitian. The island name was first written in English, in 1778 by British explorer James Cook and his crew members. They wrote it as "Owhyhee" or "Owhyee". Explorers Mortimer (1791) and Otto von Kotzebue (1821) used that spelling (Schütz 1994:44, 459).
The initial "O" in the name is a reflection of the fact that unique identity is predicated in Hawaiian by using a copula form, ʻo, immediately before a proper noun (Carter 1996:144, 174). Thus, in Hawaiian, the name of the island is expressed by saying ʻO Hawaiʻi, which means "[This] is Hawaii" (Carter 1996:187–188). Note that the Cook expedition also wrote "Otaheite" rather than "Tahiti" (Schütz 1994:41).
The spelling "why" in the name reflects the [hw] pronunciation of wh in 18th-century English. Why was pronounced [hwai]. The spelling "hee" or "ee" in the name represents the sounds [hi], [ʔi], or [i] (Schütz 1994:61–65).
Putting the parts together, O-why-hee reflects [o-hwai-ʔi], a reasonable approximation of the native pronunciation, [ʔo hʌ.ˈwʌi.ʔi].
American missionaries bound for Hawaii used the phrases "Owhihe Language" and "Owhyhee language", in Boston prior to their departure in October 1819 and during their five-month voyage to Hawaii (Schütz 1994:304, 475). They still used such phrases as late as February 1822 (Schütz 1994:108–109). However, by July 1823, they used the phrase "Hawaiian Language" (Schütz 1994:306).
In Hawaiian, ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi means "Hawaiian language". (The adjective follows the noun — Carter 1996:3 Figure 1).
The initial "O" in the name is a reflection of the fact that unique identity is predicated in Hawaiian by using a copula form, ʻo, immediately before a proper noun (Carter 1996:144, 174). Thus, in Hawaiian, the name of the island is expressed by saying ʻO Hawaiʻi, which means "[This] is Hawaii" (Carter 1996:187–188). Note that the Cook expedition also wrote "Otaheite" rather than "Tahiti" (Schütz 1994:41).
The spelling "why" in the name reflects the [hw] pronunciation of wh in 18th-century English. Why was pronounced [hwai]. The spelling "hee" or "ee" in the name represents the sounds [hi], [ʔi], or [i] (Schütz 1994:61–65).
Putting the parts together, O-why-hee reflects [o-hwai-ʔi], a reasonable approximation of the native pronunciation, [ʔo hʌ.ˈwʌi.ʔi].
American missionaries bound for Hawaii used the phrases "Owhihe Language" and "Owhyhee language", in Boston prior to their departure in October 1819 and during their five-month voyage to Hawaii (Schütz 1994:304, 475). They still used such phrases as late as February 1822 (Schütz 1994:108–109). However, by July 1823, they used the phrase "Hawaiian Language" (Schütz 1994:306).
In Hawaiian, ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi means "Hawaiian language". (The adjective follows the noun — Carter 1996:3 Figure 1).
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